JAY CHECKMATE....CHEMTRAILS CONFIRMED.....

[whitemajikman]

Govt. Website Confirms CHEMTRAILS!!


TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL PROGRAM
www.tap.bnl.gov/
Much of the science that had been planned for the Tropospheric Aerosol
Program (TAP) will in the future
be conducted under the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science
Program, which, beginning in Fiscal
Year 2005, will focus on radiative forcing of climate change by
atmospheric aerosols. Interested
readers are referred to the ASP web site and to the documents
accessible from that page.


The home page of the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science
Program has moved.

You will automatically be redirected to the new page
www.asp.bnl.gov.

If you are not redirected automatically within a few seconds
then
please click on the link above.

Also, don't forget to update your
bookmarks!

Thank you.



ARM - ASP - Aerosol IOP, May, 2003

Investigators in DOE's Atmospheric Chemistry Program (ACP) and TAP
joined forces with investigators of
DOE's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) in an IOP
(Intensive Observational Period)
at the ARM Southern Great Plains site in North Central Oklahoma in
May,
2003. The object of study was
the influence of tropospheric aerosols on the radiation budget at the
site. A secondary focus was
characterization of the cloud nucleating properties of the aerosol.
Much effort was directed to
characterization of the microphysical and chemical properties of the
aerosol by in situ measurements and
remote sensing. A variety of closure experiments were conducted
examining the ability of theory to predict
aerosol optical properties and radiative influence. Key among these
were tests of the ability to infer optical
and cloud nucleating properties from chemical and microphysical
properties of the aerosol. Further
information is available on the ARM Aerosol IOP Homepage.

Click here for a prospectus on the ACP component of this IOP.

There is a considerable potential challenge to industry in helping to
meet the recent National Ambient Air
Quality Standard (NAAQS) for fine particles. Thus there is an almost
unprecedented opportunity for
collaborative work in TAP with other offices of DOE, other Federal
Agencies, industry, and academia.

The proposed DOE TAP program is viewed as very much a part of an
emerging national aerosol
research program, coordinated by the federal Air Quality Research
Subcommittee and implemented in
collaboration with NARSTO.

The Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program
(ARM) conducts reasearch
on atmospheric radiation and the controlling atmospheric properties
and
operates facilities to conduct
this research. As tropospheric aerosols are a significant influence on
the radiation budget there is a natural
overlap of interest between ARM and TAP.

A description of TAP was presented at the Fall 1999 AGU meeting. The
viewgraphs of that presentation
are available as a PDF file (2 MByte) The Department of Energy's
Tropospheric Aerosol Program - TAP:
An Examination of Aerosol Processes and Properties. S. E. Schwartz and
P. Lunn. American Geophysical
Union, Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December 12- 17, 1999.

An update on the status of TAP was presented at the 2001 Annual
Meeting
of the DOE Atmospheric
Sciences Program, Raleigh, NC, February 13-15, 2001. The viewgraphs of
that presentation are available
as a PDF file.
The Department of Energy's Tropospheric Aerosol Program - TAP: Status
Update.

Earlier documents describing TAP that are available are the initial
(June 199 TAP Concept Paper and a
set of viewgraphs describing TAP Tropospheric Aerosol Program--A
Vision; for more convenient viewing
on a smaller screen click here.

Links to TAP-related Efforts

DOE Atmospheric Science Program
DOE Atmospheric Chemistry Program (ACP)
DOE Environmental Meteorology Program (EMP) -- Vertical Transport
and Mixing (VTMX)
DOE Research Aircraft Facility
DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM)
DOE Global Change Education Program (GCEP)
North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO)

DOE Program Manager
Peter Lunn
Environmental Sciences Division, ER-74
U. S. Department of Energy,
Germantown, MD 20874-1290
301-903-4819

www.asp.bnl.gov/

WMM

[whitemajikman]

WEATHER MODIFICATION BILL.......







109th Congress

S. 517: A bill to establish a Weather Modification Operations and Research Board, and for other purposes Introduced: Mar 3, 2005

Sponsor: Sen. Kay Hutchison [R-TX]

Status: Introduced (By Sen. Kay Hutchison [R-TX])

Last Action: Mar 3, 2005: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. (text of measure as introduced: CR S2025-2026)


109TH CONGRESS

S. 517

1ST SESSION


To establish the Weather Modification Operations and Research Board, and
for other purposes.




IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
MARCH 3, 2005
Mrs. HUTCHISON introduced the following bill; which was read twice and
referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation




A BILL
To establish the Weather Modification Operations and
Research Board, and for other purposes.

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

4 This Act may be cited as the ``Weather Modification
5 Research and Technology Transfer Authorization Act of
6 2005''.
7 SEC. 2. PURPOSE.

8 It is the purpose of this Act to develop and implement
9 a comprehensive and coordinated national weather modi-
10 fication policy and a national cooperative Federal and
2
1 State program of weather modification research and devel-
2 opment.
3 SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

4 In this Act:
5 (1) BOARD.--The term ``Board'' means the
6 Weather Modification Advisory and Research Board.
7 (2) EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR.--The term ``Execu-
8 tive Director'' means the Executive Director of the
9 Weather Modification Advisory and Research Board.
10 (3) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.--The term
11 ``research and development'' means theoretical anal-
12 ysis, exploration, experimentation, and the extension
13 of investigative findings and theories of scientific or
14 technical nature into practical application for experi-
15 mental and demonstration purposes, including the
16 experimental production and testing of models, de-
17 vices, equipment, materials, and processes.
18 (4) WEATHER MODIFICATION.--The term
19 ``weather modification'' means changing or control-
20 ling, or attempting to change or control, by artificial
21 methods the natural development of atmospheric
22 cloud forms or precipitation forms which occur in
23 the troposphere.




S 517 IS
3
1 SEC. 4. WEATHER MODIFICATION ADVISORY AND RE-

2 SEARCH BOARD ESTABLISHED.

3 (a) IN GENERAL.--There is established in the De-
4 partment of Commerce the Weather Modification Advisory
5 and Research Board.
6 (b) MEMBERSHIP.--
7 (1) IN GENERAL.--The Board shall consist of
8 11 members appointed by the Secretary of Com-
9 merce, of whom--
10 (A) at least 1 shall be a representative of
11 the American Meteorological Society;
12 (B) at least 1 shall be a representative of
13 the American Society of Civil Engineers;
14 (C) at least 1 shall be a representative of
15 the National Academy of Sciences;
16 (D) at least 1 shall be a representative of
17 the National Center for Atmospheric Research
18 of the National Science Foundation;
19 (E) at least 2 shall be representatives of
20 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-
21 istration of the Department of Commerce;
22 (F) at least 1 shall be a representative of
23 institutions of higher education or research in-
24 stitutes; and




S 517 IS


Continued.......

[whitemajikman]

4
1 (G) at least 1 shall be a representative of
2 a State that is currently supporting operational
3 weather modification projects.
4 (2) TENURE.--A member of the Board serves
5 at the pleasure of the Secretary of Commerce.
6 (3) VACANCIES.--Any vacancy on the Board
7 shall be filled in the same manner as the original ap-
8 pointment.
9 (b) ADVISORY COMMITTEES.--The Board may estab-
10 lish advisory committees to advise the Board and to make
11 recommendations to the Board concerning legislation, poli-
12 cies, administration, research, and other matters.
13 (c) INITIAL MEETING.--Not later than 30 days after
14 the date on which all members of the Board have been
15 appointed, the Board shall hold its first meeting.
16 (d) MEETINGS.--The Board shall meet at the call of
17 the Chair.
18 (e) QUORUM.--A majority of the members of the
19 Board shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number of
20 members may hold hearings.
21 (f) CHAIR VICE CHAIR.--The Board shall select
AND

22 a Chair and Vice Chair from among its members.
23 SEC. 5. DUTIES OF THE BOARD.

24 (a) PROMOTION RESEARCH DEVELOP-
OF AND

25 MENT.--In order to assist in expanding the theoretical


S 517 IS
5
1 and practical knowledge of weather modification, the
2 Board shall promote and fund research and development,
3 studies, and investigations with respect to--
4 (1) improved forecast and decision-making tech-
5 nologies for weather modification operations, includ-
6 ing tailored computer workstations and software and
7 new observation systems with remote sensors; and
8 (2) assessments and evaluations of the efficacy
9 of weather modification, both purposeful (including
10 cloud-seeding operations) and inadvertent (including
11 downwind effects and anthropogenic effects).
12 (b) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE.--Unless the use of the
13 money is restricted or subject to any limitations provided
14 by law, the Board shall use amounts in the Weather Modi-
15 fication Research and Development Fund--
16 (1) to pay its expenses in the administration of
17 this Act, and
18 (2) to provide for research and development
19 with respect to weather modifications by grants to,
20 or contracts or cooperative arrangements, with pub-
21 lic or private agencies.
22 (c) REPORT.--The Board shall submit to the Sec-
23 retary biennially a report on its findings and research re-
24 sults.




S 517 IS
6
1 SEC. 6. POWERS OF THE BOARD.

2 (a) STUDIES, INVESTIGATIONS, HEARINGS.--
AND

3 The Board may make any studies or investigations, obtain
4 any information, and hold any hearings necessary or prop-
5 er to administer or enforce this Act or any rules or orders
6 issued under this Act.
7 (b) PERSONNEL.--The Board may employ, as pro-
8 vided for in appropriations Acts, an Executive Director
9 and other support staff necessary to perform duties and
10 functions under this Act.
11 (c) COOPERATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES.--The
12 Board may cooperate with public or private agencies to
13 promote the purposes of this Act.
14 (d) COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.--The Board may
15 enter into cooperative agreements with the head of any
16 department or agency of the United States, an appropriate
17 official of any State or political subdivision of a State, or
18 an appropriate official of any private or public agency or
19 organization for conducting weather modification activities
20 or cloud-seeding operations.
21 (e) CONDUCT CONTRACTS RESEARCH
AND FOR AND

22 DEVELOPMENT.--The Executive Director, with the ap-
23 proval of the Board, may conduct and may contract for
24 research and development activities relating to the pur-
25 poses of this section.


S 517 IS
7
1 SEC. 7. COOPERATION WITH THE WEATHER MODIFICATION

2 OPERATIONS AND RESEARCH BOARD.

3 The heads of the departments and agencies of the
4 United States and the heads of any other public or private
5 agencies and institutions that receive research funds from
6 the United States shall, to the extent possible, give full
7 support and cooperation to the Board and to initiate inde-
8 pendent research and development programs that address
9 weather modifications.
10 SEC. 8. FUNDING.

11 (a) IN GENERAL.--There is established within the
12 Treasury of the United States the Weather Modification
13 Research and Development Fund, which shall consist of
14 amounts appropriated pursuant to subsection (b) or re-
15 ceived by the Board under subsection (c).
16 (b) AUTHORIZATION APPROPRIATIONS.--There is
OF

17 authorized to be appropriated to the Board for the pur-
18 poses of carrying out the provisions of this Act
19 $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2005 through 2014.
20 Any sums appropriated under this subsection shall remain
21 available, without fiscal year limitation, until expended.
22 (c) GIFTS.--The Board may accept, use, and dispose
23 of gifts or donations of services or property.
24 SEC. 9. EFFECTIVE DATE.

25 This Act shall take effect on October 1, 2005.

S 517 IS

http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=s109-517

WMM

[jayreynolds]

Yes, I took a look at this some time ago. Turns out the bill's sponsor is from Texas, whose legislature recently ended funding for weather modification there. So now she has gone to congress with hat in hand, the other outstretched looking for some dough.

Whitey-boy.
I'm still waiting for all that research you said you'd provide showing how chemtrails are against UV radiation and for ozone repair. you had all these Canadian Air Force pilots(how many could they really have?), several world class scientists, and even claimed the head of TAP was in your camp.
What's the matter, boy, can't you get it together?

It's been over a month now, where's the beef?

[whitemajikman]

Yes, I took a look at this some time ago. Turns out the bill's sponsor is from Texas, whose legislature recently ended funding for weather modification there. So now she has gone to congress with hat in hand, the other outstretched looking for some dough.

Whitey-boy.
I'm still waiting for all that research you said you'd provide showing how chemtrails are against UV radiation and for ozone repair. you had all these Canadian Air Force pilots(how many could they really have?), several world class scientists, and even claimed the head of TAP was in your camp.
What's the matter, boy, can't you get it together?

It's been over a month now, where's the beef?

JAY.......

WOULD YOU LIKE A GLIMPSE.....?

IT'S GOING TO COST YOU............

AGREE TO MY PREVIOUS CONDITIONS........

AND I WILL GLADLY SHARE ALL WITH YOU.......THROUGH DEBATE........

SO REALLY JAY.........

WHAT IS IMPEDEING THE PROGRESS.....

IS YOUR LACK OF A BACKBONE.......

UNTIL YOU FIND ONE........

:D

WMM

[whitemajikman]

Yes, I took a look at this some time ago. Turns out the bill's sponsor is from Texas, whose legislature recently ended funding for weather modification there. So now she has gone to congress with hat in hand, the other outstretched looking for some dough.

your really amazing at trying to belittle information........

but It won't work this time.........

the bill also covers CANADA and MEXICO.........

AND HAS BEEN IN THE PLANNING STAGE FOR ABOUT 4 YEARS NOW........

SO MUCH FOR YOUR LAME THEORY OF TEXAN POVERTY........

:)

WMM

[jayreynolds]

but It won't work this time.........
the bill also covers CANADA and MEXICO.........WMM

Well, it's about time we started making laws to cover those third world countries.................

whitey, as the months drag on and you fail to present evidence to back up your claims, it has become apparent that they have no merit.................

[whitemajikman]

Well, it's about time we started making laws to cover those third world countries.................

whitey, as the months drag on and you fail to present evidence to back up your claims, it has become apparent that they have no merit.................


Jay.......The people who I have shared with IN ADVANCE.......DISAGREE WITH YOU.......

and thats all that matters.......

WMM

[jayreynolds]

Jay.......The people who I have shared with IN ADVANCE.......DISAGREE WITH YOU.......

That's the ticket old man. Your mission is to give the appearance of having some sort of 'revelation', yet withholding it and looking quite foolish as you do so. Like I told you, the risks are great, but the reward is satisfying.
Welcome to the dark side, buddy!

[Boomer Chick]

My dear Shawn,

Thank you for the posting about the weather modification bill. I find nothing inherently wrong or suspicious with weather modification itself according to my research. I did in fact, find your posted websites, the atmospheric government programs, over a year ago. I've periodically visited the sites, combed them, and could not find language or evidence of purposeful introduction of any kind of aerosols into the atmosphere. What I found related to collecting present aerosols, both natural and manmade, determining their qualities, volume, and movement within the various layers of the atmosphere. I found cloud seeding companies and projects both private and government-funded who used mechanical arrays placed on certain air vehicles, ground level apparatus, and in some cases from ground propulsion mechanisms like rockets. I found the Army site related to weather modification and all the online government pdf books on it, too. Even through reading your posting and my combing these sites, I could not find definitive language or proof that in fact chemicals of any kind were being used to facilitate cloud formation or clearing through military or airliner/fuel or spray nozzle means except for the mentioned projects, regarding well-known cloud producing materials. In the Army information I found the use of lasers in cloud hole-punching, and various projects for clearing cloud cover in local situations as well as creating them in local theaters, but the precise materials used or methods were not listed. The university studies as well as government projects point to the heavy use of lasers and satellite measurements and facilities related to both surveillance, weather prediction, weather tracking, weapons enhancement, and weapons production through optics, lasers, and radar. Lidar I found to be the cutting edge research for the DOD and other related government ops. Trying to find a link with lidar and weather projects might seem easy, but I 've found it difficult. Then of course, we deal with the HAARP and ionesphere projects in conjunction with focused arrays and energies related to laser and lidar and how they interact interplay. They may indeed affect the weather masses through ionic disturbance or manipulation, play a role in plasma physics and various energy manipulations within the ionesphere, another hot area of research -- all seemingly traveling toward a nexus point where ultimately scientists will influence the weather, focus weapon beams from space, communicate with any machine or entity on the planet, facilitate focused energy beams from satellites onto any point on the planet, bounce and increase energy beams from land up to the ionesphere and back, and possibly eventually extract energy itself from the planet, the sun, and inter atomic space. But, I couldn't find irrefutable evidence on "chemtrail" spraying. Yes, I've read about the grid spraying, the anonymous testimonies to the chemicals used and spray nozzles, the pictures of planes and their plumes, and the names of corporations that make them, the collection of fibers, etc. etc., but nothing yet actually provable and irrefutably beyond a shadow of a doubt confirming the projects. No doubt something has changed, regarding the cirrus cloud formations, which I still see periodically in our area, but yet the "smoking gun" I have not found.

And as yet, you have not provided a "smoking gun."

Please continue to research and post !

Thanks! ;)

[whitemajikman]

And as yet, you have not provided a "smoking gun."

Boomer that is a matter of opinion..........

what if I told you the "SMOKING GUN".........

is right in front of your eyes.......and is connected to all of the research that you have been doing.......

in fact most of the world leaders know where the earth is leading us......

the general population is in the dark.............

now boomer......

in all of your investigations......what is the missing element.......?

the why.......

do yourself a favor and backtrack........

there was a paper presented to the u.n. in 1992.........

regarding the fate of our world........and it has all the elements .......that you seek........

but lets make this perfectly clear...........

there may be some things that are better left unfound........especially if there is nothing anyone can do about it..........

i know my message is cryptic......but i have faith in your skills as a researcher......

when you do figure it out........let me know.......drop me an e-mail.........so we can compare .......

and maybe just maybe........get a game plan going.....

peace boomer......

WMM

[jayreynolds]

what if I told you the "SMOKING GUN".........
is right in front of your eyes.

At this point, whitey, I'd say no one is really listening to what you tell them, or buying into it.
The other shoe could drop and no one would notice, in other words.

[halva]

I am listening and I would notice.

[Boomer Chick]

Hello halva! How are you?

WWM,

I'll try to find it, but I may not interpret the way you might like. If I do, what do you mean by "gameplan?"

Could we do anything about it, anyway?

Is it population control in a genocidal kind of way? I just will not go down that path, you know.

Take care all,

BC :D

[Boomer Chick]

I found this quite interesting and humorous, as well as very enlightening:

Zen and the art of......... debunking:

http://www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/~bdj10/scepticism/drasin.html

:)

[halva]

Bump.

[Et in Arcadia ego]

there was a paper presented to the u.n. in 1992.........

regarding the fate of our world........and it has all the elements .......that you seek........

Why the intrigue? A report such as you describe should be brandished like a baseball bat, not hidden under a mattress..Could you not be direct & indicate what this is paper consists of and/or post a link to it? Why does everything involving CT's have to be an Easter Egg Hunt?

:-?

[whitemajikman]

Why the intrigue? A report such as you describe should be brandished like a baseball bat, not hidden under a mattress..Could you not be direct & indicate what this is paper consists of and/or post a link to it? Why does everything involving CT's have to be an Easter Egg Hunt?

:-?

It has nothing to do with intrigue and everything to do with ones own path to the TRUTH.....and how THEY Begin to realize That Blatent TRUTH........

I have been Direct many times in the past........

People hate "DIRECT".......it goes against their set beliefs......and does more harm than good.......

People need to find Truth's on their own ......it is the only way that they can truly come to terms with the scope of what is transpiring.........and more importantly deal with that TRUTH.

WMM

[Et in Arcadia ego]

IPeople hate "DIRECT".......

Well, I must be an exception than, because I happen to enjoy directness. Suggesting any number of people to do parrallel searches for the same data is a poor way of managing people's energy.

Regardless, if you have a link to this material, I'd be very gratefull to see it posted here or sent to me via private message.

If you can do this you would have my sincerest gratitude.

ciao,
D

[jayreynolds]

Regardless, if you have a link to this material, I'd be very gratefull to see it posted here or sent to me via private message.
D

Don't hold yer breath waiting for these scam artists to come out with it. This whiteyman has claimed to have such inside knowledge for a couple of years now with absolutely nothing tangible coming forward. The rather obvious answer is that he seeks attention by dangling something in front of you then pulling it back. Enjoy his game if you like. I get a laugh out of these jokers sometimes.
Jay

[whitemajikman]

Don't hold yer breath waiting for these scam artists to come out with it. This whiteyman has claimed to have such inside knowledge for a couple of years now with absolutely nothing tangible coming forward. The rather obvious answer is that he seeks attention by dangling something in front of you then pulling it back. Enjoy his game if you like. I get a laugh out of these jokers sometimes.
Jay

Jay on many occasions I have given you The oppertunity to prove your claims regarding me, And in all instances you have failed miserably, WHY is THAT......?

YOU RUN LIKE A LITTLE CHILD EVERYTIME I HAVE YOU CORNERED........JUST LIKE STUEY HAS.

YOUR THE ATTENTION SEEKER JAY.........NOT I.....

You Have Made A Career OUT OF IT...........

Also JIMMYBOY MAY BE MANY THINGS .........

BUT HIS POST REGARDING U.V. IS BANG ON.............OUR WORLD IS IN A CRISIS........IT's DYING......AND WILL NOT BE ABLE TO SUSTAIN HUMAN LIFE FOR MUCH LONGER DUE TO THE INTRICACY OF THE PROBLEM..........

WOULD YOU LIKE TO DISCUSS THIS IN-DEPTH........?

OR MAYBE BOOMER MIGHT LIKE TO........

OR HOW ABOUT HALVA........

ALL OF YOU KNOW THAT "CHEMTRAILS" WERE PROPOSED AS A SOLUTION TO U.V. RADIATION......BACK IN "88".............BUT IT WASN'T UNTIL "91" WHEN THE TEST TRIALS REALLY BEGAN IN EARNEST.......

YOU SEE THE BIGGEST PROBLEM FACING MANKIND ISN'T POLLUTION OR THREATS TO OUR EXTINCTION.......WE CAN OVERCOME THESE........

BUT ONLY IF WE DROP OUR POLITICAL,RELIGIOUS AND IDEOLOGICAL LEANINGS AND GET TO SOLVING THESE PROBLEMS......AS THE UNITED "HUMAN RACE".........

UNITED WE SHALL OVERCOME........

DIVIDED WE WILL FALL INTO OBLIVION............

WHILE BOOMER HAS THE RIGHT CONCEPT...........OF HOW WE CAN ATTAIN SUCCESS ,JIMMY HAS FOUND THE REASONS WHY..........

HALVA'S PART HAS BEEN TO SPREAD THE MESSAGE.........AND HE HAS DONE SO........FABULOUSLY.

JAY HAS FOUGHT TOOTH AND NAIL AGAINST THE REAL REASONS FOR CHEMTRAILS GOING PUBLIC......AND ONLY HE TRULY KNOWS WHY.......

NOW SPEAKING FOR MYSELF.......

CHEMTRAILS ARE EMPLOYED VIA WEATHER MODIFICATION WITHOUT THE PUBLIC'S KNOWLEDGE IN THE GUISE OF ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES AND RESEARCH......

CHEMTRAILS HAVE 2 PURPOSES........

ONE IS MILITARY INDUSTRIAL.........

THE OTHER IS A BAND-AID THAT MAY OR MAY NOT HELP IN THE FIGHT AGAINST U.V. RADIATION AND BROAD CELLULAR DAMAGE IN MOST LIVING ORGANISMS.........NOT TO MENTION HELP FIGHT OZONE DEPLETION.........AND OF COURSE BASIC WEATHER MODIFICATION........

THE WMO,THE U.N.,AND ALL WORLD GOVERNMENTS ARE AWARE OF THE STAKES........

MOST ARE SHITTING THEIR PANTS,OR LIVING IN A WORLD OF DENIAL..........

THAT IS WHY BUSH WILL NOT RATIFY THE ACCORD.........

BECAUSE HE HONESTLY BELIEVES THAT THE PROBLEM CAN BE CONTROLLED .........WITHOUT ANY ADVERSE EFFECTS...........TO THE HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT THAT SUSTAINS IT.........

WE KNOW DIFFERENTLY.........

AND MERE ADAPTATION WILL NOT SAVE US..........

WHAT WE MUST DO IS TO CHANGE THE ENTIRE WAY THE WORLD POPULATION THINKS IN REGARDS TO IT'S OWN ENVIRONMENT AND WHAT THE TRUE CONSEQUENCES WILL BE .....

THE UNDERTAKING IS A HUGE ONE.......BUT NOT IMPOSSIBLE........

IT'S TIME TO UNITE THE HUMAN SPECIES AT IT'S MOST BLEAKEST HOUR........AND FOREVER BREAK THOSE CHAINS THAT BOUND US..........

EVERYTHING FROM OIL TO CORPORATE GREED MUST BE CURTAILED........AND SILENCED......

THE WAR HAWKS OF THE WORLD MUST BE DEALT WITH.........

THE TERRORISM FROM YEARS OF ABUSE MUST BE DEALT WITH...........

THE RELIGIOUS ZEAL AND INTOLERANCE THAT HAS ONCE AGAIN REARED ITS UGLY HEAD MUST BE DEALT WITH......

THESE ARE THE STEPS THAT MUST BE TAKEN FOR THE HUMAN RACE TO BE SUCCESSFUL IN IT'S BID FOR SURVIVAL..........

WMM

[Boomer Chick]

I can't help myself ! Please fogive me ! I've been reading over at Langly, NASA, etc.

The GTE experiments have produced many important scientific results. Since ABLE 3-B in 1990, they have been conducted as IGAC experiments with international partners. The entire GTE data base is available to the public through the GTE home page at http://www-gte.larc.nasa.gov.

The more recent GTE experiments (PEM and TRACE-A), conducted over the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, have focused on the sources and sinks of O3 and related gases (e.g., NOX, CO, hydrocarbons) in the remote troposphere. They have examined the sources of sulfur gases and the implications for aerosol formation, and they have probed the long range transport and chemical evolution of continental plumes. We review here some of the major accomplishments from these recent missions and briefly describe challenges and plans for the future.

Ouch!

The primary platform for the more recent GTE missions was the NASA DC-8 aircraft, which has a ceiling of 12 km, a cruising speed of 800 km h-1, and a 10 hour flight endurance. The latest PEM-Tropics A mission also deployed a P-3B aircraft with ceiling of 8 km, cruising speed of 500 km h-1, and 10 hour endurance. Figures 2a and 2b show the DC-8 and P-3B instrument payloads in PEM-Tropics A. The DC-8 payload included in situ measurements of O3, H2O, peroxides, CH2O, CO, hydrocarbons, halocarbons, a suite of nitrogen compounds (NO, NO2, peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN), HNO3), organic acids, dimethylsulfide (DMS), SO2, bulk aerosol composition, and UV irradiance. A differential absorption lidar (DIAL) aboard the DC-8 measured ozone and aerosol vertical profiles remotely in real time above and below the aircraft (Browell et al., 1996). These profiles are an important data product, and they also provided a guide for adjustment of flight tracks to exploit interesting measurement opportunities encountered during flight.


Sources and Sinks of Tropospheric Ozone and NOX
A major objective of the TRACE-A and PEM missions was to improve understanding of O 3 production and loss in the remote troposphere. A strikingly consistent picture of the factors that control remote tropospheric O3 has been developed, which is markedly different from the prevailing view of 20 years ago. NOX levels drive ozone photochemistry, and tropospheric NOX levels are sufficiently high that photochemical production dominates the stratospheric flux in controlling column O3 density. Stratospheric intrusions where they occur are dramatic events that strongly impact on the tropospheric ozone column density locally, but the relentless photochemical production of O3 on a global scale, driven by NOX from ever-growing global sources, ultimately dominates the tropospheric O3 budget.

EEEK ! BTW, the letters and numbers near the NO's and O's are small case!

My next c & p ? Sulfer cycle! I'm trying to understand the ozone photochemistry from the experiments. I can't provide a link because I'm at a site where they don't show the address bar on the top, you know? OK!

[Boomer Chick]

Lets' see, IC, do you see this as accurate? Are there any anomolies you would like to point out with this early research?

6. Sulfur Chemistry
The PEM campaigns have had a significant focus on sources of atmospheric sulfur compounds. During PEM-West A, Thornton et al. (1996) reported that SO2 exhibited a marked increase in concentration with altitude owing to two major sources. One is the long range transport of northern hemispheric anthropogenic emissions injected by convection over Asia. The other is emissions from the Mt. Pinatubo volcanic eruption in June 1991 into the stratosphere followed by injections of stratospheric air back into the troposphere.

No clear gradient in SO2 was observed in the upper troposphere during PEM-West B, and the concentrations of SO2 also were significantly lower than in PEM-West A (Thornton et al., 1997). Thornton et al. (1997) also concluded that during PEM-West A and B the oxidation of DMS, on average, was a relatively insignificant source of SO2 in the free troposphere. However, of some interest was one particular observation by Thornton et al. (1997) and Talbot et al. (1997) in which there was a coincidence of elevated concentrations of DMS, SO2, NO and CN. This observation was recorded above [b]9 km in the tropical convergence zone during PEM-West B and supports earlier observations by Clarke (1993) showing the production of new particles at high altitude from natural sulfur sources.

Direct measurements of OH during PEM-Tropics A (Mauldin et al., 1998a) made possible more quantitative evaluations of the natural sulfur cycle. Of special interest was the oxidative cycle for DMS, the largest natural sulfur source globally, and the largest single sulfur source over much of the world's oceans (Andreae et al., 1985, Bates et al., 1992). For this vast region, therefore, DMS oxidation also represents the largest source of sulfate aerosol and, hence, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The latter play a major role in defining the radiative properties of clouds and therefore represent a critical component in effort to understand climate forcing by aerosols (Charlson et al., 1987). The results from PEM-Tropics A have significantly improved our understanding of the basic chemical processes involved in the conversion of DMS to sulfate and the formation of new particles.

During the equatorial PEM-Tropics A Lagrangian experiment, simultaneous measurements of OH, DMS, SO2, methanesulfonic acid (MSA(g)), H2SO4(g), methanesulfonate (MS), and non-seasalt sulfate (NSS), as well as critical meteorological parameters, permitted one of the most intensive examinations yet of the detailed chemical processes involved. As shown in Figure 5, the decrease in DMS following sunrise is consistent with the diel cycle of OH, the latter being a major oxidizing species for DMS. Concomitant with the decrease in DMS, there also is seen a major increase in SO2. Model simulations using these data suggest that the oxidation of DMS by OH was responsible for 90 to 95% of the SO2 produced from DMS, and that for the boundary layer this was the dominant source of SO2 (Davis et al., 1998; Thornton et al., 1998).

An internally consistent picture involving SO2 also was developed showing that only a small fraction of this species is lost to the ocean's surface. Most of the SO2 forms NSS but the oxidation pathway primarily involves heterogeneous reactions, including in-cloud processes. Far more surprising was the finding that MS in the boundary layer was also entirely derived from heterogeneous in-cloud processes (Davis et al., 1998). Although details are still lacking, it appears that the nature of the heterogeneous chemical processes for these two DMS end products is quite different. This raises an interesting question concerning the use of the frequently cited MS/NSS ratio for sulfur source apportionment purposes for marine regions of the world.

Farther to the East, near the coasts of Costa Rica and Panama, a quite different boundary layer sulfur experiment was performed. Unique to this setting was the presence of a very active ITCZ in the near vicinity of a coastal shelf, where there was high biological productivity and release of significant DMS. This was an ideal setting for examining the evolution of the natural sulfur cycle under conditions where aerosol surface area was minimized from precipitation scavenging. In fact, the measured surface area was more than an order of magnitude less than typically found for the MBL. Observed H2SO4(g) levels were also higher by nearly the same amount (Mauldin et al., 1998b). This setting allowed the formation of new ultrafine particles, a process never recorded before in the MBL, but detected in PEM-Tropics A. A combination of observations and modeling showed that this nucleation event was a direct result of oxidation processes occurring within the natural sulfur cycle, starting with the oxidation of DMS via OH to produce SO2 (Clarke et al., 1998). Equally significant was the finding that classical binary nucleation theory failed to predict this event without the use of a very large "tuning factor". This may point to a deficiency in classical theory or, we suspect more likely, to alternative mechanisms, e.g., ternary nucleation.

What is quite clear is that this unique observation of a tropical nucleation event will provide a solid experimental foundation from which new theories can be tested. Thus, the outcome of these new observations should have a significant impact on our understanding of the relationship between aerosols and global climate change.

Any commentary?

OK, for another great read on the ozone convection and most important chemical-- NO-- on ozone formation in the troposphere go to the link above (the only one in my previous post) click on GTE related links ==>
Goddard Space Flight Centers-Tropospheric Studies===> link between chemistry and convection on tropospheric ozone====> chemistry and convection !!!!

Now if any of you have a problem with what is published or agree, please do express yourselves and give your reasons. I find it quite fascinating and credible.

That's it for a long while! Don't get mad!

[Yaak]

I can't provide a link because I'm at a site where they don't show the address bar on the top, you know?

With your mouse, right click anywhere on your screen.

Select properties from the pop-up menu.

The address (URL) should be shown.